VirtualBox常用知识总结

VirtualBox是一款开源虚拟机软件。VirtualBox是由德国 Innotek公司开发(2008年2月，InnoTek软件公司被Sun公司所并购)，由Sun Microsystems公司出品的软件，在Sun被Oracle收购后正式更名成Oracle VM VirtualBox。Innotek以GNU General Public License (GPL)释出VirtualBox，并提供二进制版本及OSE版本的代码。使用者可以在VirtualBox上安装并且执行Solaris、 Windows、DOS、Linux、OS/2 Warp、BSD等系统作为客户端操作系统。现在则由甲骨文公司进行开发，是甲骨文公司xVM虚拟化平台技术的一部份。

克隆虚拟机注意事项

克隆虚拟机可以帮我们快速的构建所需的环境，在Virtualbox在clone虚拟机时指定'Reinitialize the MAC address of all network cards'时，会增加新的网卡，这个和VMware比起来就显的有点不方便，可以通过下面的步骤，修改网卡的。

注意：Full Clone:会创建一个新的

         Linked Clone:会创建一个snapshot，相对于Full Clone会省空间

         Current machine state:当前是什么状态就clone什么

         Everything:如果做过snapshot，snapshot的信息也会被Clone

         Reinitialize the MAC address of all network cards:是否初始化网卡的MAC地址

1.修改/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

   本例中有两个网卡。删除eth0，eth1的配置，然后把eth2换成eth0，eth3换成eth1

2.修改/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0,ifcfg-eth1中MAC地址，IP地址

70-persistent-net.rules修改前后对比

root@ohs4 ~]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
# This file was automatically generated by the /lib/udev/write_net_rules
# program, run by the persistent-net-generator.rules rules file.
#
# You can modify it, as long as you keep each rule on a single
# line, and change only the value of the NAME= key.


# PCI device 0x8086:0x100e (e1000)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="08:00:27:b7:57:25", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"

# PCI device 0x8086:0x100e (e1000)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="08:00:27:31:f3:ef", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth1"

# PCI device 0x8086:0x100e (e1000)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="08:00:27:96:a7:75", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth2"

# PCI device 0x8086:0x100e (e1000)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="08:00:27:35:39:46", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth3"
[root@ohs4 ~]# vi /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
[root@ohs4 ~]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
# This file was automatically generated by the /lib/udev/write_net_rules
# program, run by the persistent-net-generator.rules rules file.
#
# You can modify it, as long as you keep each rule on a single
# line, and change only the value of the NAME= key.


# PCI device 0x8086:0x100e (e1000)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="08:00:27:96:a7:75", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"

# PCI device 0x8086:0x100e (e1000)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="08:00:27:35:39:46", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth1"

[root@ohs4 ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@ohs4 network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-eth0
[root@ohs4 network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-eth1
[root@ohs4 network-scripts]# grep HWADDR ifcfg-eth0
HWADDR=08:00:27:96:a7:75
[root@ohs4 network-scripts]# grep HWADDR ifcfg-eth1
HWADDR=08:00:27:35:39:46

[root@ohs4 network-scripts]# start_udev
Starting udev:                                             [  OK  ]
[root@ohs4 network-scripts]# service network restart
Shutting down interface eth0:                              [  OK  ]
Shutting down interface eth1:                              [  OK  ]
Shutting down loopback interface:                          [  OK  ]
Bringing up loopback interface:                            [  OK  ]
Bringing up interface eth0:  Determining if ip address 10.0.2.24 is already in use for device eth0...
                                                           [  OK  ]
Bringing up interface eth1:  Determining if ip address 172.16.0.24 is already in use for device eth1...
                                                           [  OK  ]
[root@ohs4 network-scripts]# service NetworkManager start
Setting network parameters...                              [  OK  ]
Starting NetworkManager daemon:                            [  OK  ]

打开Setting-->Shared Folders-->Add Shared Folder，最好不要选择这三个选项，可以通过下面的步骤手动挂载或使用fstab

    sharename   mountpoint   vboxsf   defaults  0   0

Solaris使用共享文件夹

 pkgadd -d VBoxSolarisAddtions.pkg

 mount -F vboxfs  sharename mountpoint

注意：linux中是vboxsf，solaris中是vboxfs

如何配置共享磁盘

VirtualBox支持常见的虚拟控制器IDE, SATA (AHCI), SCSI, SAS and USB-based mass storage devices

打开File-->Virtual Media Manager，选择Shareable模式，然后在其他节点添加

Virtualbox额外的工具需要下面的安装包

[root@ohs3 ~]# rpm -qa|grep kernel|grep devel
kernel-uek-devel-4.1.12-37.4.1.el6uek.x86_64
kernel-devel-2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64
[root@ohs3 ~]#

如果是在Oracle Linux上，可以通过下面的方式来安装

https://blogs.oracle.com/scoter/vbox-ga-rpms

https://blogs.oracle.com/wim/done-cancel-v5

[ol6_developer]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Development Packages ($basearch)
baseurl=http://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/developer/$basearch/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1

[ol7_developer]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Development Packages ($basearch)
baseurl=http://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/developer/$basearch/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1

yum install kmod-vboxguest-uek4 vboxguest-tools -y

[root@ohs1 ~]# yum install kmod-vboxguest-uek4 vboxguest-tools -y
Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, security, ulninfo
Setting up Install Process
ol6_developer
ol6_developer/primary_db
public_ol6_UEKR4
public_ol6_latest
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package kmod-vboxguest-uek4.x86_64 0:5.2.20-1.el6 will be installed
---> Package vboxguest-tools.x86_64 0:5.2.20-1.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=================================================================================================
 Package                      Arch            Version               Repository              Size
=================================================================================================
Installing:
 kmod-vboxguest-uek4          x86_64          5.2.20-1.el6          ol6_developer          325 k
 vboxguest-tools              x86_64          5.2.20-1.el6          ol6_developer          1.8 M

Transaction Summary
=================================================================================================
Install       2 Package(s)

Total download size: 2.1 M
Installed size: 7.8 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): kmod-vboxguest-uek4-5.2.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm                        | 325 kB     00:00
(2/2): vboxguest-tools-5.2.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm                            | 1.8 MB     00:02
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                            703 kB/s | 2.1 MB     00:03
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
  Installing : kmod-vboxguest-uek4-5.2.20-1.el6.x86_64                                       1/2
Working. This may take some time ...
Done.
  Installing : vboxguest-tools-5.2.20-1.el6.x86_64                                           2/2
. .
VirtualBox Guest Additions Install completed!
Check installation log: /var/log/vboxadd-install.log
You may need to restart the Window System (or just restart the guest system) to enable the Guest Additions.
  Verifying  : vboxguest-tools-5.2.20-1.el6.x86_64                                           1/2
  Verifying  : kmod-vboxguest-uek4-5.2.20-1.el6.x86_64                                       2/2

Installed:
  kmod-vboxguest-uek4.x86_64 0:5.2.20-1.el6         vboxguest-tools.x86_64 0:5.2.20-1.el6

Complete!
[root@xd06dbadm01 ~]#

https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/UserManual.html

https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Technical_documentation

http://baike.baidu.com/view/1047853.htm